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EMERALD

The modern emerald was unknown in the ancient Near East until it began to be mined in Upper Egypt in the last two centuries b.c.e. Some translations use “emerald” when the Hebrew suggests a prized, green-colored stone. Some translations read “emerald” for bāreqe (LXX smáragdos), an engraved stone on the high priest’s breastpiece (Exod. 28:17; 39:10) and a stone adorning the king of Tyre (Ezek. 28:13). In those passages the NIV renders “emerald” for yahălōm (LXX íaspis, “jasper”).

Gk. smáragdos, a course in the foundation of the city wall of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:19), and smarágdinos, an adjective describing the rainbow around God’s throne (4:3), are translated “emerald” in most versions of the NT and likely refer to the gemstone as it is known today. Other translations use “beryl,” “carbuncle,” “crystal,” “diamond,” “feldspar,” “garnet,” “jade,” “moonstone,” or “turquoise” for these Hebrew and Greek terms.

Joseph E. Jensen







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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