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NIMROD

(Heb. nimrô)

A famed war hero and hunter (Gen. 10:8-12; 1 Chr. 1:10; Mic. 5:6[MT 5]), subject also of pre- and postbiblical literature and legends. At face value the biblical texts relate to the Hamitic Cush of Gen. 10:6-7, but the Cush of v. 8 may be a Kassite (Akk. kaššû/kuššû). Theories of identification include (1) a Mesopotamian god; (2) a legendary Mesopotamian hero or eponym; or (3) a historical Mesopotamian or Egyptian king. Gen. 10:10-11 regionalizes his kingdom or range of influence by naming five to eight cities in southern (Babel, Erech, and Akkad; possibly “Calneh,” alternatively repointed and interpreted as “all of them”) and northern Mesopotamia (Nineveh and Calah; possibly Rehoboth-ir and Resen, thought otherwise to mean “public square” and “canal,” respectively). The data argue most for Nimrod as a human, historical figure, but his identity remains unclear.

Bibliography. K. van der Toorn and P. W. van der Horst, “Nimrod before and after the Bible,” HTR 83 (1990): 1-29; E. A. Speiser, “In Search of Nimrod,” in Oriental and Biblical Studies, ed. J. J. Finkelstein and M. Greenberg (Philadelphia, 1967), 41-52.

W. Creighton Marlowe







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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