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TRUMPET

English “trumpet” or “horn” translates Gk. sálpinx, which encompasses both Heb. šôr (“ram’s horn”) and ḥăṣōṣĕ (“metal trumpet”). Trumpets and horns were multifunctional. They were used in war (Num. 10:9; Josh. 6:4-20, Judg. 3:27; 6:34) for issuing signals (1 Sam. 13:3; Isa. 18:3; 27:13; 58:1), assembling in battle (Judg. 7:19), and making or breaking camp (Num. 10:2). They were also used by the watchman (Jer. 6:1, 17; Ezek. 33:3-6). In worship, the trumpet or shophar was blown to signal the Day of Atonement as well as other appointed feasts and festivals (Lev. 25:9). Burnt offerings and fellowship offerings were also accompanied by the blowing of the trumpet (Num. 10:2, 10). In later traditions, the trumpet apparently was blown by the priests rather than the Levites (2 Chr. 5:12; 29:26); however, other accounts ascribe trumpet playing to the Levites as well (1 Chr. 16:42).

Gk. sálpinx refers to a variety of musical instruments, and is significant for military, cultural, and religious contexts. It was the sounding of the sálpinx that would herald the messianic times (1 Thess. 4:16) or the resurrection of the saints (Ques. Ezra B12; 1 Cor. 15:52). It was also associated with judgment and fire (Apoc. Zeph. 9-12; Matt. 24:31; T. Abr. 12:10). The sálpinx plays a key role in Revelation, where the themes of judgment, devastation, and the announcement of the day of the Lord come together in the trumpet scenes (Rev. 8:69:21; 11:15-20).

Melissa L. Archer







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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