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HOREB

(Heb. ḥōrēḇ, ôrēḇ)

The name for the mountain of God in a number of biblical traditions, elsewhere called Mt. Sinai. Although in the book of Exodus the name Sinai is used most frequently, Horeb appears in Moses’ encounter with the burning bush (Exod. 3:1), at the waters Massah and Meribah (17:6), and after the incident of the golden calf (33:6). The book of Deuteronomy uses the name Horeb exclusively for the mountain of God (e.g., Deut. 1:2; 4:10, 15; 9:8; 18:16; 29:1[MT 28:69]), except in Moses’ blessing (33:2). It is to Horeb that Elijah flees after defeating the prophets of Baal and being threatened with death by Jezebel (1 Kgs. 19:8).

Although the location of Horeb (or Sinai) is uncertain, it has traditionally been identified with Jebel Musa, “Mountain of Moses,” in the southern Sinai Peninsula, near the site of the monastery of St. Catherine. Alternative sites, such as Jebel Catherine or Jebel Serbāl in the same region, have also been suggested, although there are those who suggest a location closer to Kadesh-barnea in the eastern part of the Sinai Peninsula.

Bibliography. G. I. Davies, The Way of the Wilderness. SOTSMS 5 (Cambridge, 1979).

Marilyn J. Lundberg







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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